Particle

A particle is an idealised object that has mass, but no size or shape. Its motion is fully described by a single point in space. We do not need to consider the rotation or orientation of particles as there is no physical extent for it to rotate about.

In order to simplify the analysis of motion, we can treat an object as a particle whenever its size and shape are irrelevant to the problem. We use a particle model when we only care about an object’s overall position, velocity and acceleration.

When the Particle Model Breaks Down

Treating something as a particle is a simplifying assumption. It stops being valid once rotation, size or shape starts to matter (e.g. a spinning wheel). In those cases, we use the rigid body model instead.

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