Exclusive OR Method

The exclusive OR (XOR) method is a systematic method of test vector generation. If the fault-free circuit has the function $f$ and a fault $p/d$ generates an output function $f^{p/d}$, then the function that represents all tests for fault $p/d$ is:
$f\oplus f^{p/d}$

List

$f\oplus f^{p/d}=1$ -> test vector that shows fault

$f\oplus f^{p/d}=0$ -> test vector that does not show fault

For example, consider a SA1 fault on the input of an AND gate:

$f\oplus f^{p/d}$ can be solved either by using a table, or algebraically. The resulting set of vectors are sufficient enough to test for the given fault.

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